Internal-combustion engine



E. A. FIELD AND E. A. FIELD, In.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 21, 1920.

1,373,876, I Patented Apr. 5, 1921,

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Witmeooya E. A. FIELD AND E. A. FIELD, JR. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION man JUNE 21, 1920.

1,323,876, Patented Apr. 5, 1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2- E. A., FIELD AND E. A. FIELD, JR-

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 21, 1920.

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INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 5, 1921.

Application filed June 21, 1920. Serial No. 390,612.

T 0 all w hom'c't may concern e it known that we, EDWARD A. FIELD and EDWARD A. FIELD, J12, citizens of the United States, residing at Oak Park, county of Cook, State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines.

The main objects of this invention are:

First, to provide an internalcombustion engine of medium compression which is of high efficiency.

Second, to provide in an internal combustion engine an improved chargingor fuel feeding means. i

Third, to provide an improved internal combustion engine adapted for the use of the heavier hydrocarbons as fuel in which the fuel is effectively broken up and vaporized when injected into the combustion chamber.

Fourth, to provide an improved internal combustion engine in which the charge is introduced on the compression stroke of the engine.

Further objects, and objects relatin to structural details will definitely appear from the detailed description to follow.

We accomplish the objects of our invention by the devices and means described in the following specification. The invention is clearly defined and pointed out in the claims.

A structure which'is a preferred embodiment of our invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawing forming a part of this specification, in which:

Figure I is a detail longitudinal central section of a structure embodying the features of our invention on a line corresponding to line 11 of Fig. II and III.

Fig. II is a detail longitudinal section on a line corresponding to line 2-2 of Figs. I and III.

Fig. III is a detail section on a line corresponding to line 33 of Figs. I and II.

Fig. IV is an enlarged detail section on a line corresponding to line 44 of Fig. V. showing details of the Charging means.

taken looking in the direction of the little arrows at the ends of the section lines.

Referring to the drawing, 1 represents a cylinder and 2 the piston of an internal com.- bust on engine. These parts are shown conventlonally. The'cylinder is provided with an air lnlet valve 3 and an exhaust valve 4.

The means for controlling these air inlet and 1 exhaust valves 3 and 4 are not illustrated, as the details of such means form no part of this invention. Means such as cam movements for this purpose are well known in the art.

In the head 5 of the cylinder is a'bore 6 having a cylindrical charging chamber member7 therein communicating with the combustion chamber 8 of the cylinder through a series of spirally disposed ports 9. A plug-like body 10 is threaded into the lower end of this charging chamber member 7 and shouldered to engage the end of the bore, as shown in the drawings. A nut 11 1s threadedupon the projecting upper end pf the member 7 to retain the parts in posi- 1on. The body 10 is provided with a fuel supply passage 12 terminating in an annular passage 13 surrounding the nozzle opening 14 in the nozzle member 15 seated on the body 10. A plunger-like. membe-r16 is arranged in the upper end of the cylindrical member 7 for adjustment therein as by means of a governor whereby the capacity of the charging chamber 17 may be varied.-

The cylinder is connected with this charging chamber 17 through the passage 18 having a delivery opening 19 alined with the nozzle opening 14. The passage 18 is provided witha check valve 20.

'The. delivery ports '9 of the charging chamber are controlled by the sleeve valve 21 arranged within the cylindrical .charging chamber member 7 and subject to the pres sures within the cylinder so that on the compression stroke of the piston, the valve 21 1s closed and a blast of air is delivered through the passage 18, the nozzle orifice 19 thereof and through the nozzle opening 14: atomizing a charge of-fuel and delivering the atomized fuel into the chargmg chamber 17.

An auxiliary air inlet 22 is provided for the charging chamber, the auxiliary air 1nlet being rovided with a check valve 2 1 see Fig. I

On the suction stroke of the piston, a vacuum is created and owing to the communication of the charging chamber and the cylinder, a quantity of-fresh air or atmospheric air is drawn into the charging chamber and on the compression stroke, as stated,

' a blast of air is forced into the charging chamber through the passage 18 and carries with it a charge of fuel.

The charging chamber is provlded with igniting means consisting in the structure illustrated of the hot bulb 25 disposed oppositely to the nozzle opening 14 so that a charge is ignited in the charging chamber and the combustion produces a pressure within the charging chamber higher than the compression in the cylinder, and the valve 21 is opened and the vaporized but unconsumed fuel in the charging chamber is ejected or escapes through the ports 9 into the combustion chamber or cylinder where it burns when it comes in contact with the air therein.

At the end of the work stroke of the pis ton, the exhaust valve 4 opens and the burned gases are forced out on the exhaust stroke of the piston.

The capacity of the charging chamber 17 is varied by adjusting the plunger-like adjusting member 16 which is preferably controlled by a governor mechanism not shown. By increasing or decreasing the capacity of the charging chamber more or less air will enter and consequently more or less fuel will be delivered.

To control the rapidity with which the fuel and gas is delivered from the charging chamber and thereby securing a timing, we provide an adjustable'stop 26 for the valve 21. By adjusting this stop the number of holes 9 uncovered is regulated and thereby the discharge.

With this arrangement the amount of fuel for each charge orcycle is quite accurately regulated and by varying the discharge the explosions may be timed thus allowing speed variations without pre-ignition as in running slowly.

As an aid to starting, the member 16 is provided with a passage 27 through which the hot bulb may be heated as by means ofcock 28 so that the heavier fuel may be drawn off and a lighter fuel admitted through the connection 29.

The supply tank for the connection 29 is not illustrated but a suitable arrangement will be readily understood. The main fuel connection 30 and also the supply pipe 29 are provided with check valves 31.

In the modification shown in Fig. VI, a mechanically operated valve 32 is substituted for the valve 21, valve 32 being held normally open by the spring 33 and actuated by the pin 34 and the actuating lever 35 to close the borts 9 on the charging stroke of the plunger. An adjustable stop 36 limitsthe opening of the. valve 32 and thereby secures the tlming, as has been described for the embodiment previously described. Where a mechanically operated valve is provided it is arranged on the outside of the member 16. The embodiment .shown in Fig. VI secures a positive action of'the valve and its movement may be accurately timed.

With this arrangement of parts, we provide an engine in which the fuel is ejectedother modifications or adaptations which we contemplate, as we believe the .disclosure made will enable those skilled in the art' to which our invention relates to embody or adapt our improvements as may be desired.

Having thus described our invention,

what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

I 1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder provided with an air inlet valve, an exhaust valve and a coacting piston, of a cylindrical charging chamber member having spirally disposed ports delivering to said cylinder, a cylindrical charging valve arranged within said charging chamber member to control said ports, said charging valve being subject to the pressure Within said charging chamber and within said cylinder whereby it is actuated to control said ports, a charging air passage from said cylinder to said charging chamber, a fuel nozzle operatively associated with said air charging passage whereby a charge of fuel is vaporized and delivered to sai charging chamber on the compression stroke of the piston, said charging valve being closed by the pressure of said charging stroke, a plunger-like charging chamber ignited in said charging chamber and pres-- sure generated to open said charging valve and eject the charge into the cylinder, and an adjustable stop for regulating the opening of saidcharging valve.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the

' combination with a cylinder provided with an air inlet valve, an exhaust valve and a coacting piston, of a cylindrical charging chamber member having ports delivering to said cylinder, a cylindrical charging valve arranged within said charging: chamber member to control said, ports, said charging valve being subject to the pressure within saidcharging chamber and within said cylinder whereby it is actuated to control said ports, a charging air passage from said cylinder to said charging chamber, a fuel nozzle operatively associated with said air chargingpassage whereby a charge of fuel is vaporized and delivered to said charging chamber on the compression stroke of the piston, said charging valve being closed by the pressure of said charging stroke,va plunger-like charging chamber adjusting member arranged in said charging chamber member in an opposed relation to said charging valve, and an ignition member for said charging chamber carried by said adjusting member and alined with the charging nozzle whereby the charge is ignited in said charging chamber and pressure generated to open said charging valve and eject the charge into the cylinder.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder provided with an air inlet valve an exhaust valve and a coacting piston, of a cylindrical charging chamber member having ports delivering to said cylinder, a cylindrical charging valve arranged within said charging chamber member to control said ports, said charging valve being subject to the pressure within said charging chamber and within said relation to said charging valve, and an ignition member for said charging chamber carried by said adjusting member and alined with the charging nozzle whereby the charge is ignited in said charging chamber and pressure generated to open said charging valve and eject the charge into the cylinder. 4. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder provided witlr a piston, an air inlet valve and an exhaust valve, of a charging chamber having spirally disposed ports delivering to said cylinder, a charging valve controlling said ports said charging valve being subject to the pressure within said charging chamber and within said cylinder whereby it is actuated to control said ports, a charging air passage leading from said cylinder to said charging chamber, a fuel feed means operatively associated with said air charging passage whereby a charge of fuel is delivered to said charging chamber on the compression stroke of the piston, said charging valvebeing closed by the pressure of said charging stroke, an auxiliary air inlet passage for'said charging chamber, said charging air passage and auxiliary air passage being provided with check valves, a plunger-like charging chamber adjusting member, means whereby the charge is ignited in said charging chamber and pressure generated to open said charging valve and eject the charge into the cylinder, and means for regulating the opening of said charging valve.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder provided with a piston, an air inlet valve and an exhaust valve, of a charging chamber having spirally disposed ports delivering to said cylinder,

a charging valve controlling said ports, said charging valve, being subject to the pressure withln said charging chamber and within cylinder whereby it is actuated to control said port-s, a charging air passage from said cylinder to said charging chamber, a fuel nozzle operatively associated with said air charging passage whereby a charge of fuel is vaporized and delivered to said charging chamber on the compression stroke of the piston, said charging valve being closed by the pressure of said charging stroke, an auxiliary air inlet passage'for said charging chamber, said charging air passage and auxiliary air-passage being provided with check valves, a plunger-like charging chamber adjusting member arranged in said charging chamber member in an opposed said cylinder whereby it is actuated to control said ports, a charging air passage leading from said cylinder to said charging chamber, a fuel feed means operatively associated with said air charging passage whereby a charge of fuel is delivered to said charging chamber on the compression stroke of the piston, said charging valv being closed by the pressure of said charging stroke, a plunger-like charging chamber adjusting member, means whereby the charge is ignited in said charging chamber and pressure generated to open said charging valve and eject the charge into the cylinder, and means for regulating the'opening of said charging valve.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combinationwith a cylinder provided with a piston, an air inlet valve and an exhaust valve, of a charging chamber having spirally disposed ports delivering to said cylinder, a charging valve controlling said ports, said charging valve being subject to the pressure within said charging chamber and within said cylinder whereby it is actuated to control said ports, a charging air passage leading from said cylinder to said charging chamber, a fuel feed means operatively associated with said air charging passage whereby a charge of fuel is delivered to said charging chamber on the compression stroke of the piston,- said charging valve being closed by the pressure of said charging stroke, means whereby the charge is ignited in said charging chamber and pressure generated to open said charging valve and eject the charge into the cylinder, and means for regulating the opening of said charging valve.

7. In an internal combustion engine com-j prising a cylinder, a piston, an air inlet and exhaust valve, the combination of a charging chamber having a plurality of ports delivering to said ,cylinder, a valve controlling said ports, a fuel feed means comprising a passage connecting said cylinder to said charging chamber whereby on the compression stroke of the piston, a charge of fuel is delivered to said charging chamber, said valve being subject to the cylinder pressures whereby it is closed on the compression stroke, an ignition means for said charging chamber, said charging valve being opened by the pressure within the charging chamher, and means for controlling the opening of said charging valve, all coacting for the purpose specified.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, a charging chamber delivering to said cylinder, a valve controlling the delivery connection, a fuel feed means comprising a passage from said cylinder to said charging chamber whereby on the compression stroke of the-engine a charge of fuel is delivered to said charging chamber, said valve being subject to the cylinder pressures whereby it is closed on the compression stroke of the engine, an auxiliary air inlet for said charging chamber, means for varying the volume of said charging chamber, means for igniting the charge in said charging chamber whereby the charging valve is opened and the charge ejected'into said cylinder, and means for controlling the opening of'said charging valve, all coacting for the purpose specified.

9. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, a charging chamber delivering to said cylinder, a valve controlling the delivery connection, a fuel feed means comprising a passage from said cylinderto said charging chamber whereby on the compression stroke of the engine a charge of fuel is deliverd to said charging chamber, said valve being subject to the cylinder pressures whereby it is closed on the compression stroke of the engine, means for varying the volume of said charging chamber, means for igniting the charge in said charging chamber whereby the charging valve is opened and the charge ejected into said cylinder, and means for controlling the opening of said charging valve, all coacting for the purpose specified.

10. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, a charging chamber delivering to said cylinder, a valve controlling the delivery connection, a fuel feed means comprising a passage from said cylinder to said charging chamber whereby on the compression stroke of the engine a charge of fuel is'delivered to said charging chamber, said valve being subject to the cylinder pressureswhereby it is closed on the compression stroke of the engine, an auxiliary air inlet for said charging chamber, and means for igniting the charge in said charging chamber whereby the charging valve is opened and the charge ejected into said cylinder, all coacting for the purpose specified.

11. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, a charging chamber delivering to said cylinder, a valve controlling the delivery connection, a fuel feed means comprising a passage from said cylinder to said charging chamber whereby on the compression stroke of the engine. a charge of fuel is delivered to said charging chamber, said valve being subject to the cylinder pressures whereby it is closed on the compression stroke of the engine, and means for igniting the charge in said charging chamber whereby the. charging valve is opened and the charge ejected into said cylinder, all coacting for the purpose specified.

12. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, of a charging chamber delivering to said cylinder, a charging valve controlling the delivery to said cylinder, a passage connecting said cylinder to said charging chamber, a fuel delivery means operatively associated with said passage whereby a charge of fuel is delivered to said charging chamber on the compression stroke of the engine, an auxiliary air inlet for said charging chamber, means for varying the volume of said charging chamber, and means for igniting the charge in said charging chamber.

13. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder, of a charging chamber delivering to said cylinder, a chargin said cylinder, a passage connecting said cylinder to said charging chamber, a fuel delivery means operatively associated with said passage whereby a charge of fuel is delivered to said charging .chamber on the compression stroke of the engine, means for varying the volume of said charging chamber, and means for igniting the charge in said charging chamber.

valve controlling the delivery to' 14. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder, of a charging chamber delivering to said cylinder, a charging valve controlling the delivery to said cylinder, a passage connecting said cylinder to said chargin chamber, a fuel delivery means operative y associated with said passage whereby a charge of fuel is delivered to said charging chamber on the compression stroke of the engine, means for varying the volume of said charging chamber, a control means for said charging valve, and means for igniting the charge in said charging chamber.

In witness whereof, we have hereunto set 15 our hands and seals in the presence of two witnesses. v

EDWARD A. FIELD' EDWARD A. FIELD, JR. Witnesses:

JACOB Eommn,

GUY E. WILLIAMS. 

